Jet Plasma Application for Dry Eye

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What is dry eye?

Dry eye disease (DED) generally arises when the balance of the tear film is disrupted. The most common cause of the evaporative type of dry eye is meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD).

The meibomian glands form the oily layer (the “lipid layer”); if this layer were absent or insufficient, tears would evaporate very quickly, leading to complaints such as dryness on the surface of the eye, stinging, redness and blurred vision.

For this reason, dry eye treatment is not limited to artificial tear drops; methods that support the oily layer, such as eyelid margin cleaning and gland drainage, are becoming increasingly important.

What is Jet Plasma and why is it used for this condition?

JETT Plasma technology is a device that uses plasma energy and is non-ablative (it does not work by removing tissue); it can work around the eye and especially on the meibomian glands and the eyelid margins.

Its basic principles can be summarized as follows:

Direct current (DC) plasma discharges temporarily make cell membranes permeable (“reversible electroporation”), which allows nutrients, water, and oxygen to pass into the cell more easily; this helps speed up cell metabolism and start repair processes.

The process of softening and opening blockages/hardened oil contents at the openings of the meibomian glands is initiated. This improves oil flow and supports the lipid layer.

There is also an effect aimed at reducing inflammation: effects have been observed on the microvascular structures of the eyelid margin and on the vessels that are a focus of inflammation.

In addition, increased microcirculation in the surrounding tissues, improved cell metabolism, and tissue renewal are among the expected effects.

In other words, in patients with dry eye, particularly those with meibomian gland dysfunction, Jet Plasma treatment both contributes mechanically to oil flow and provides support for cellular repair and inflammation control.

What is Jet Plasma and why is it used for this condition?

How is the procedure performed?

In general terms, the treatment proceeds as follows:

A consultation is held and, if necessary, tests such as meibography, tear film break-up time (TBUT) and eyelid margin evaluation are performed.

Using the Jet Plasma device, the upper and lower eyelids, the eyelid margins and, if necessary, the conjunctiva and tissues around the eyelids are treated with special tips at an appropriate energy level.

For example, protocols have been described such as a 2-minute application on the conjunctiva, a 1-minute application on the skin and tissues around the eyelid, and a 30-second application on the eyelid margin.

Local anesthetic drops are generally not needed during the treatment; the procedure is performed while the patient lies in a comfortable chair.

The procedure is quite short and generally does not exceed 5-10 minutes for both eyes.

Post-procedure care: Supportive measures such as eye drop treatment, eyelid hygiene and warm compresses may be continued.

Most studies recommend 3-4 sessions at intervals.

What are the benefits for the patient?

The function of the oil glands (meibomian glands) improves; this increases the adequacy of the oily layer, which in turn reduces evaporation from the tear film and eases the feeling of dryness.

Complaints such as eye redness, stinging and foreign body sensation may decrease, and patient comfort increases. For example, some centers have reported “a difference from the first session.”

Supportive effects such as collagen production and improved circulation may also occur in the tissues around the eye (eyelid margin, skin); this creates both a functional and an aesthetic gain.

The treatment is minimally invasive, comfortable for the patient and, in most cases, does not interfere with daily life.

Is it painful? Are there side effects?

Jet Plasma treatment is generally very comfortable; patients may report a mild ‘tingling’ or ‘warming’ sensation during the procedure, but severe pain is not expected.

Mild redness and slight swelling may occur during the day after the procedure, but these usually resolve within a few hours or a day.

The treatment does not require sedation or general anesthesia; the return to social life or work is quick.

Of course, as with any medical treatment, individual differences may occur; an appropriate evaluation should be carried out before the procedure and contraindications should be taken into account.

At present, serious complications have not been widely reported, but because it is a new technology, the patient should be given detailed information before treatment. ICHGCP

For whom is it recommended? Who should be cautious?

It is especially suitable for patients with meibomian gland dysfunction, inflammation of the eyelid margin (blepharitis) and related evaporative dry eye complaints.

It may be considered as an alternative or additional treatment for patients whose complaints persist despite traditional treatments (“resistant” patients).

If there are special circumstances such as any active eye infection, a serious eyelid deformity or an extremely dry cornea, an ophthalmologist's evaluation is essential before treatment.

For whom is it recommended? Who should be cautious?

In short

In dry eye disease, particularly the type involving meibomian gland deficiency or blockage, it can be difficult to achieve full long-term control with drop treatment alone. Advanced technology applications such as Jet Plasma support eyelid and gland biology, targeting the oil layer problem, blockage of the oil glands and inflammation of the eyelid margin. The procedure is short and comfortable, and the return to daily life is quick. Its effect can be felt from the first sessions, and patient comfort increases.

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